Can WhatsApp Chats, Videos & Screenshots Be Used as Evidence in Consumer Cases?
WhatsApp Chats, Videos & Screenshots as Proof in Consumer Disputes | BSA 2023 Your first big online purchase. A ₹50,000 laptop — the latest model, packed with features you have been eyeing for months. The delivery guy is right outside the door, and your hand is on the sealed box, ready to tear it open. […]
Is Recording a Conversation Legal in India? Privacy, Evidence & Section 65B Explained
The fear around recording conversations is widespread — and understandable. But the law in India does not deal in blanket rules here. Whether a recording is legal, and whether it will be admitted in court, are actually two separate questions. And the answers to both might surprise you. THE LEGAL TRUTH In India, recording a […]
Forced Abortion in India: Is It Matrimonial Cruelty?
The intersection of reproductive rights, matrimonial law, and criminal law presents a significant gap in Indian jurisprudence. While the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971 and its 2021 Amendment establish a woman’s fundamental right to reproductive autonomy, cases involving forced abortion within marriage reveal the complexity of enforcing these rights and establishing accountability. The […]
Speed Breaker Rules in India: IRC Guidelines, Colour Markings & Legal Requirements (2026)
RESEARCH NOTE Prepared pursuant to legal research on IRC Guidelines, Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, and Judicial Precedents I. Introduction Speed breakers are among the most commonly deployed traffic-calming devices in India. While their primary purpose is to reduce vehicular speed and prevent accidents, improperly constructed or inadequately marked speed breakers have themselves become a significant […]
POSH Act in India: From Bhanwari Devi to the Vishakha Guidelines & 2025 Supreme Court Ruling
1. The Incident That Started It All In 1992, Bhanwari Devi, a saathin — a grassroots women’s welfare worker employed by the Government of Rajasthan — tried to stop a child marriage in her village. For doing her job, she was gang-raped by upper-caste men in broad daylight. The state’s response was chilling in its […]
Tenant Rights: You Should Know Before Renting
Arjun moved to Bengaluru at 24 for his first job. He found a decent 1BHK, paid ₹60,000 as a security deposit — three months’ rent — and moved in. The landlord seemed fine. No written agreement, but the landlord said, “We don’t need all that formality, I’m not like that.” Arjun believed him. Eleven months […]
Can a Domestic Violence Case Be Settled in India?
Every year, thousands of women in India find themselves at a crossroads — they’ve filed a complaint, the legal machinery has started moving, and suddenly everyone around them is saying, “Can’t you two just settle this?” The answer, like most things in law, is: it depends. Domestic violence is one of those painful realities that […]
Can a Domestic Violence case be filed without Physical Injury? Rights Under PWDVA, 2005
Minakshi got married a year ago. From the outside, her life looks picture-perfect — a new home, a new family, a fresh beginning. That’s what everyone around her believes, anyway. But behind closed doors, the reality is starkly different. Every day, she wakes up to taunts from her in-laws. “What benefit has our son gotten […]
Can ‘Stop Payment’ Save You? Cheque Bounce Liability under Section 138 of the NI Act
Introduction: In India cheques have been widely used for personal as well as business transactions. Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 makes issuing a cheque that bounces for repayment of a debt a criminal offence. A common error is that issuing stop payment instructions can avoid liability. Although, Indian courts have clarified that […]
How to File a Cheque Bounce Case?
Under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 A Comprehensive Step-by-Step Guide for Complainants Introduction: When a Cheque Bounces, the Law Steps In In a country where cheques remain a primary instrument of commercial and personal financial transactions, a dishonoured cheque can unravel business relationships, cause financial distress, and amount to a serious criminal […]